Alaul Hossain
Zakat, often referred to as the third pillar of Islam, is a fundamental concept and practice that holds great significance in the lives of Muslims worldwide. It is an obligatory form of charity intended to purify wealth, redistribute resources, and support those in need within the Muslim community. Rooted in the teachings of the Quran and the traditions of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Zakat embodies the principles of social justice, compassion, and solidarity.
Understanding Zakat-
Zakat is derived from the Arabic root word “z-k-a,” which means purification or growth. It is a fixed percentage (usually 2.5%) of a Muslim’s wealth and assets that must be given to those who are eligible recipients, known as mustahiqqeen. The payment of Zakat is considered a religious obligation for Muslims who possess wealth above a certain threshold (Nisab) and have had it in their possession for a full lunar year.
The Purpose of Zakat-
Purification of Wealth: Zakat serves as a means of purifying one’s wealth and possessions, both spiritually and materially. By giving away a portion of their wealth to those in need, Muslims cleanse themselves of greed, selfishness, and attachment to worldly possessions.
Redistribution of Resources: Zakat is a mechanism for redistributing wealth and resources within the Muslim community, ensuring that everyone has access to basic necessities and opportunities for a dignified life. It helps bridge the gap between the rich and the poor, fostering social cohesion and solidarity.
Supporting the Needy: One of the primary objectives of Zakat is to provide financial assistance and support to the less fortunate members of society, including the poor, the needy, the homeless, the orphaned, and the indebted. It enables individuals and families to meet their basic needs, such as food, shelter, clothing, and healthcare.
Eligibility for Zakat:
According to Islamic law, Zakat is obligatory on certain categories of wealth, including:
Cash and savings
Gold and silver
Livestock
Agricultural produce
Business inventory and investments
Eligible recipients of Zakat include the following:
The poor (Fuqara)
The needy (Masakin)
Those employed to collect Zakat (Al-‘Amileen)
Those whose hearts are to be reconciled (Al-Muallafatu Qulubuhum)
Those in bondage (Fir-Riqab)
Those in debt (Al-Gharimin)
Those fighting for the cause of Allah (Fisabillillah)
Wayfarers (Ibnus-Sabil)
The Timing and Calculation of Zakat:
Zakat is typically calculated and paid annually, based on the value of a person’s eligible assets as of the end of the Islamic lunar year. The minimum threshold (Nisab) for Zakat eligibility is determined based on the value of gold or silver, as specified by Islamic scholars.