Alaul Hossain
When discussing the “Islamic State system,” it’s important to differentiate between the concept of an Islamic state based on Islamic principles and the specific entity known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). The former refers to a theoretical model of governance guided by Islamic law, while the latter denotes a militant extremist group that emerged in the early 21st century with the aim of establishing a caliphate governed by its interpretation of Sharia law.
The Concept of an Islamic State-
An Islamic state, in theory, is a political entity governed by principles derived from the Quran, the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and Islamic jurisprudence. It aims to uphold justice, equity, and the welfare of its citizens while adhering to Sharia in matters of governance. The concept envisions a system where Islamic ethics and values guide all aspects of public life, including politics, economics, and social affairs.
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS):
ISIS, also known as the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), emerged in the aftermath of the Iraq War and the Syrian Civil War. It capitalized on instability and sectarian tensions in the region to establish control over vast territories in Iraq and Syria, proclaiming itself a caliphate and imposing its interpretation of Islamic law.
Key Characteristics of the ISIS System:
Authoritarian Rule: ISIS governed through fear and violence, establishing a harsh regime characterized by repression, brutality, and human rights abuses. It enforced its version of Sharia law through coercion, intimidation, and punitive measures.
Terrorism and Extremism: ISIS carried out terrorist attacks both within its territories and internationally, targeting civilians, religious minorities, and government institutions. Its extremist ideology and tactics garnered global attention and condemnation.
Cultural Destruction: ISIS engaged in cultural cleansing by destroying historical sites, artifacts, and religious monuments deemed inconsistent with its interpretation of Islam. This included the destruction of ancient archaeological sites and religious shrines.
Economic Exploitation: ISIS financed its operations through illicit means, including extortion, taxation, looting, and the sale of oil and antiquities. It imposed heavy taxes on local populations and exploited resources to sustain its activities.
Global Ambitions: ISIS sought to expand its territorial control and establish a worldwide caliphate, calling for adherents to pledge allegiance to its self-proclaimed caliph and participate in its jihadist cause.
Criticism and Rejection:
The ISIS system faced widespread condemnation from Muslim scholars, governments, and international organizations. It was denounced as a perversion of Islam, incompatible with the principles of justice, compassion, and tolerance advocated by the religion.